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docs/censorship/web.mdx

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+---
+title: The World Wide Web
+sidebar_position: 20
+---
+
+As the web has become an integral part of everyday life, with many using it as their primary source of news, governments
+are employing various techniques to control online content just as they have with literature, newspapers, radio, and
+television in the past.
+
+Publishing content online has a far lower barrier to entry than publishing a book or a newspaper, or operating a radio
+station.
+This democratization of content creation has led to an explosion of diverse voices and perspectives, but has also
+become a target for censorship as governments wish to suppress content they find undesirable.
+
+The way that web content is consumed is also different to the previous means of publishing.
+To read an article online, there is a one-to-one exchange between the reader's device and the publisher's server.
+This exchange needs to be carried over one or more Internet Service Provider (ISP) networks.
+This highlights the connection between privacy and online censorship, as it is not possible to implement such censorship
+unless there is a device that attempts to know what it is that the reader has requested in order to decide whether to
+allow access.
+
+Below are some notable examples of contemporary censorship efforts:
+
+* The Great Firewall of **China** (GFW) is a sophisticated system of censorship and surveillance implemented by the
+  Chinese government.
+  The GFW effectively isolates Chinese internet users from global discourse, limiting exposure to foreign ideas and
+  information that contradict the state narrative.
+  Further to the direct censorship, the surveillance capabilities lead to self-censorship too where users are afraid
+  to search for dissenting views and ideas.
+* In recent years, **Russia** has enacted stringent media laws aimed at controlling the flow of information and
+  suppressing dissent.
+  The government has the authority to block websites and remove content deemed "extremist" or harmful to state
+  interests.
+  These measures have led to a significant decline in independent journalism and a stifling of free expression, as many
+  journalists face harassment or legal repercussions for their work.
+* **Turkey** has increasingly employed censorship to control media narratives and suppress dissent, particularly
+  following the 2016 coup attempt.
+  The government frequently blocks access to social media platforms during times of unrest or political sensitivity.
+  Authorities can order the removal of content that is critical of the government or its policies.
+  Journalists and citizens face prosecution for "insulting" the president or spreading "terrorist propaganda."
+* **Iran** employs extensive censorship to control the narrative and suppress dissenting voices, particularly regarding
+  political and social issues.
+  The government blocks access to numerous websites, including social media platforms and news outlets that do not align
+  with state ideology.
+  Online activities are closely monitored, with authorities tracking users' communications and internet usage.
+  Individuals who share dissenting views online can face imprisonment or other severe penalties.
+  The pervasive censorship in Iran stifles free expression and limits the public's ability to engage with diverse
+  perspectives, fostering an environment of fear and repression.
+
+All of these countries, however, rely on web access to support economic activity.
+Being able to send and receive emails is a critical capability to engage with modern business, to send a purchase order,
+to receive an invoice, or to request a price list.
+eCommerce, electronic funds transfer, electronic data interchange for billing and shipping, and automated stock exchange
+platforms all rely on an internet connection.
+It is this fact that supports our main weapon against online censorship: **Collateral Freedom**.